[ important herbal plants of Iranian flora on burn healing]

Burn is one of the major causes of death and disability in the world. It can cause by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight or radiation. More burns caused by fires in buildings, contact with boiling water, steam, liquids and flammable gases. Accelerating the process of healing has always been of interest to practitioners because these injuries are usually takes long time to be healed. Therefore, proper treatment and care of this type of wound required to accelerate healing, prevent infection and chronicity. In traditional medicine, due to the high vegetation diversity and breadth of our country, the use of herbs for burns healing and lesions of various etiologies, has been intesified. Various studies on burn wound healing properties of medicinal plants have been performed. In this article, we refered to reliable sites for evaluating of 10 plants including Amebia euchroma, Green Tea, Hypericum perforatum, Centella asiatica, Scrophularia striata, Aloe vera, Cydpnia Oblongae seeed, Malva sylvestris, Calendula officinalis and Myrtus to compare the restorative properties of a number of important medicinal plant flora of Iran on accelerating the process of wounds healing of burn in order to provide effective medicinal plant sources are addressed

Permanent hemodialysis catheter complications in patients referred to Kashan Akhavan dialysis center from June 2013 to December 2013

Cuffed central venous catheters [CCVC]. as preferred types of vascular access for hemodialysis have several complications [e.g. infection, thrombosis, embolism, bleeding and fractures]. This study aimed to describe the complications of CCVC. In this cross-sectional study, the incidence of complications associated with CCVC in patients referred to Kashan Akhavan dialysis center was evaluated during a six-month period between June 2013 to December 2013. The census sampling method was used and patients in each dialysis session were evaluated for all catheter-related complications using the checklist. Finally, a nephrologist approved the complications. From a total of 183 patients admitted to the Kashan Akhavan dialysis center during the six months, 43 patients were enrolled with permanent hemodialysis catheters. Catheter-related infection and thrombosis were common complications. The incidence rates of catheter-related infection and thrombosis were 1.87 and 1.5 per 1,000 daily catheter use, respectively. Catheter-related infection and thrombosis are two common complications among hemodialysis patients used a CCVC. Therefore, the necessary measures should be taken to reduce these complications

[Comparison of the intranasal and intraperitoneal injection of MPTP on density of dark neurons in pars compacta of substantia nigra in animal model of Parkinson's disease]

Background and Objective: Parkinson disease [PD] is the second most common neurologic disorder that results following degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of substintia nigra [SNc]. The 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridine [MPTP] is a chemical neurotoxin that widely used in animal models of PD. This study was carried out to evaluate the numerical density of dark neurons [DNs] in the SNc in mice subjected to intraperitoneal and intranasal injection of different doses of MPTP

Methods: In this experimental study, 90 male adult BALB/c mice were randomly allocated int four experimental groups including: group 1 [MPTP was injected via i.p. at the dose of 20mg/kg per 2 hours for 4 times], group 2 [MPTP was injected via i.p. at the dose of 30mg/kg for 5 consecutive days], group 3 [MPTP was injected via i.n. at a single dose of 1mg/kg], group 4 [MPTP was injected via i.n. at a single dose of 1mg/kg], four sham and one normal groups. 20 days after the final injection, the animal's brain were removed and stained by toluidine blue. Numerical density of DNs was counted

Results: Intranasal injection of MPTP significantly increased density of dark neurons in the pars compacta of substintia nigra in compare to intraperitoneally injection of MPTP [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Intranasal injection of MPTP is more effective manner to induce degeneration of neurons in substintia nigra in animal model of Parkinson's disease

Performance of a land treatment system and vetiver plant for advanced treatment of ahvazwest Municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent

Background: During the last decades efforts related to waste water treatment, has improved significantly in Different places of our country with various climate conditions. To reach this aim using systems are considered that have appropriate applications technically and economically . One of the low cost and native options is using Land-plant system for advanced waste water treatment. The aim of this study was determination of efficiency of local soil of Ahvaz and vetiver plant tothe final reduce the organic load from Municipal wastewater treatment

Materials and Methods: In order to, a pilot including three Lysimeter swere installed in Ahvaz West wastewater treatment plant. ThreeLysimeter were utilized that local soil was used in one of them, local soil with vetiver plant were used in the other one and soil artificial arrangement local soil, silica sand [0.5-1mm], sand [15-30mm] was used in third Lysimeter. The effluent was transferred from Secondary settling outlet by pump for system that slow current in three filtration rate of 0.2, 0.6, 1 ml/min and three replication in each rate was used

Results: The average removal efficiency of BOD5 and COD output from three Lysimeter local soil with vetiver plant, local soil without vetiver plant and soil artificial arrangement for filtration rate of 0.2 ml/min were;73.27%, 68.39%,58.91%, 50.34%, 37.62% and 35.9%.For filtration rate of 0.6 ml/min were;49.47%,41.97%, 43.16, 28.31%, 33/68% and 25/55%.For filtration rate of 0.6ml/min; 26.44%,31.44%, 19.95,17.81%, 12.06% and 14.79%, respectively

Conclusion: The results from this study showed that the best removing percent was assigned to local soil with vetiver plant lysimeter in 0.2 ml/min current. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that a land- plant system as advanced treatment had the ability to meet effluent discharge permit limits and was an economical replacement for stabilization ponds and mechanical treatment options

[Effect of carbamazepine on homocysteine serum level in pregnant mice and fetal malformations outcome]

Carbamazepine during pregnancy can induce various malformations. Recent studies have showed an increase in homocysteine level due to Carbamazepine administration. This study was to evaluate the effect of Carbamazepine on homocysteine serum level in pregnant mice and fetal malformations outcome. In this experimental study, 40 BALB/c timed-pregnant mice were allocated into 2 experimental and 2 control groups. The experimental groups were received daily intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg/kg [group I] or 60 mg/kg [group II] of Carbamazepine on gestational days 6 to 15. The control groups were received either - normal saline or Tween 20. Dams underwent Cesarean section on GD 18. External examinations were done and all data concerning malformations, weight and crownrump of fetuses collected. Blood samples were collected from Dams' hearts prior to performing the Cesarean section. Homocysteine was measured using ELISA method. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18, ANOVA, Chi-Square and Tukey tests. Significant increase in Homocysteine levels of dams' serum compared to control groups was seen in both experimental groups I and II [10.56 +/- 1.31 and 11.11 +/- 1.64 micro mol/L, respectively, P<0.05]. The mean weight and crown-rump of the fetuses in both experimental groups were significantly reduced compared with those of the control groups [P<0.05]. Various malformations such as limb defects, vertebral defects, facial deformity and severe malformations were observed in fetuses of both experimental groups. Serum elevation of homocysteine in Carbamazepine exposed pregnant mice may be a risk factor for induction of fetal malformations

study on risk factors of wsd outbreak in choubdeh - abadadan shrimp farming site in 2010

White spot, as one of the infectious viral diseases, has made severe losses in shrimp ponds all over the world. Despite extensive efforts made to deal with and control the disease, white spot continues to be a major health problem in shrimp farms across Iran. In this work, the significance of the risk factors of white spot disease epidemic occurred in shrimp ponds of Choubdeh farming site in Khuzestan province of Iran is determined. A cross sectional study was conducted from June 1, 2010, to September 22, 2010 in 223 shrimp ponds of the site. Data was collected on 17 variables, thought to be associated with the occurrence and epidemic of white spot, with the aid of the shrimp ponds owners and fisheries and veterinary organizations. The occurrence of white spot disease in the farming site was determined by clinical symptoms and the results of conventional PCR tests, the effectiveness of the risk factors was established by odds ratio [OR]. It is found that poor management of birds fighting [OR=3.72], less educated farm foreman [OR=3.29] and poor filtration of the intake water [OR= 3.43] are significantly affected the occurrence of the disease while little changes in the salinity of shrimp ponds [OR =0.1 6] decreases the odds of the disease. These findings help better develop shrimp farming across Iran, especially in Khuzestan province

[Effect of potassium benzoate on BALB/c mice placenta: a histopathological study]

The food additives, like sodium and potassium benzoate are used in many food products and drugs to prevent the growth of yeast and molds. There is no report about the histopathological effect of potassium benzoate. Placenta, has a critical role in embryonic development therefore this study was set up to evaluate the effects of potassium benzoate on placenta of BALB/c mice. 45 BALB/c female mice were allocated into two experimental [1, 2] and one control groups. Experimental groups received daily intraperitoneal injection of 280 and 560 mg/kg/body weight of potassium benzoate and control group received normal saline. All injections were done during 10 days before mating and 5th to 16th of gestational days [GD]. In GD 18 all placenta were removed via cesarean section. Macroscopic studies for morphological abnormalities were done and after measuring of placental weight and diameter, for microscopic studies the specimens were fixed and tissue passage were done. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and histopathological changes were studied. Weight, diameter and percentage of agenesis of placenta in all groups were gathered. Data analyzed with using SPSS-11.5, ANOVA and Tukey tests. The mean weight and diameter of the placenta in both experimental groups 1 and 2 were significantly decreased compared to control group. Also atrophy of placenta in the experimental groups was increased significantly compared to the control group [P<0.05]. Comparison of weight and diameter between groups 1 and 2 was not significant. Percentage of placenta agenesis in the experimental groups was increased significantly compared to the control group [P<0.05]. Massive hemorrhage in labyrinth zone, fetal and maternal zones were seen in both experimental groups. This study showed that exposure of potassium benzoate during mice pregnancy cause morphological and histopathological changes of placenta, including decrease of weight and diameter, agenesis, hemorrhage and tissue disorders

[Pethidine requirement in postoperatively gabapentin administered patients]

Background: Preliminary clinical studies have suggested that gabapentin may produce analgesia and reduce the need for opioids in postoperative patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the opioid-sparing and analgesic effects of gabapentin administered during the first 24h after surgery

Materials and Methods: In a randomized, single-blind study 196 patients assigned to two groups receiving gabapentin [n=102] or placebo [n=94]. Oral gabapentin 1200 mg or placebo, 2h before surgery, followed by oral gabapentin 600 mg or placebo 8, 16 and 24 h after the initial dose. Patients requesting analgesia received it with pethidine at dose of 25 mg [iv]. Total pethidine consumption for each patient was recorded from zero to 24h postoperatively. Pain was assessed on a visual analogue scale [VAS], and vomiting, dizziness and somnolence were assessed

Results: Gabapentin reduced total pethidine consumption [P<0.001] and postoperative pain as well [P<0.001]. It was associated with a significant increase in somnolence [P=0.007] and dizziness [P=0.019], however, no significant difference in vomiting [P=0.075] was observed

Conclusion: A total dose of 3000 mg gabapentin before and during the first 24h after surgery, reduces pain score and pethidine consumption, and increases the incidence of somnolence and dizziness

[The effect of one kind of plyometric and aerobic exercises on chest expansion and respiratory volumes in high school students]

In adult population, the stretch-shortening cycle exercise [plyometric exercise] is often used to improve muscle power, neuromuscular coordination and vertical jump performance. Unfortunately, there is limited information about effectiveness of this type of exercise on respiratory system. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of plyometric and aerobic exercise on chest expansion and respiratory volumes in high school students. This clinical trial study was performed in Zahedan, Iran. Sixty girl and boy students, aging between 14-18 years were selected through simple non-probability sampling. Students were assigned randomly as either a stationary bicycle group [n=30] or a roping group [n=30]. Both groups received exercises for 12 sessions, 3 times per week. Immediately before and after exercises the following respiratory capacities and volumes were collected: chest wall expansion [in two axillary and xiphoid level], vital capacity, residual expiratory volume, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second. The data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests. Chest wall expansion in axillary region was increased from 76 +/- 10 cm to 77.4 +/- 10 cm in the bicycle group and from 77.7 +/- 8.1 cm to 78.5 +/- 8.7 cm in the roping group [P<0.001]. Chest wall expansion in xiphoid region was increased from 68.7 +/- 8.9 cm to 70 +/- 8 cm in the bicycle group and from 71.3 +/- 6.6 cm to 72.3 +/- 6.4 cm in the roping group [P<0.001]. In addition, respiratory volumes were significantly increased in both groups [P<0.05]. The results of this study showed that chest wall expansion and respiratory volumes were increased following plyometric exercises such as roping

[Therapeutic endoscopy outcomes in upper GI peptic ulcer bleeding]

Background: upper gastrointestinal [UGI] bleeding is the leading cause for many hospital admissions which imposes a heavy expense on health care systems in most countries. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of therapeutic and diagnostic endoscopy in patients with upper GI bleeding

Materials and Methods: this retrospective study was carried out in a 2-year period [2002- 4] on 145 patients undergone UGI endoscopy with a history of upper GI peptic ulcers in their diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopy reports hospitalized in Beheshti hospital. Participants were divided into two groups: endoscopically treated group [receiving managements such as diluted epinephrine injection or sclerosant material], and diagnostic endoscopy group

Results: therapeutic endoscopy was done on 46 [31.7%] cases. Mean days of hospital stay was 7.23 +/- 2.64 and 8.97 +/- 3.73 in therapeutic and diagnostic endoscopy groups, respectively [P=0.005]. Mean enquired unit of transfusion solution for therapeutic and endoscopic diagnostic groups was 6.54 +/- 3.30 and 9.05 +/- 3.9 respectively [P<0.001]. Mortality rate due to upper GI bleeding in therapeutic and diagnostic endoscopy group was 2.3% and 8.3% , respectively [P=0.17]. The need to surgical intervention in therapeutic and diagnostic endoscopy group was 6.5% and 19.1% , respectively [OR=4/3, P=0.048]

Conclusion: therapeutic endoscopy compared to medical treatment is an effective attempt to stop hemorrhage, establish homodynamic stability and prevent complications [e.g., early recurrent bleeding]. In addition, using this approach has some advantages such as reduced transfusion rate and hospital stay and no need to surgical intervention. Hence it is recommended that therapeutic endoscopy be done for all patients with upper GI bleeding

effects of topical application of octy1-2-cyanoacrylate tissue glue on the wond healing in mice: An experimental study

Management of patients with full thickness wound of skin continues to challenge physicians and surgeons in area of cosmetic dermatologic surgery. at the present, there are some medications and procedures that can be used to accelerate the healing of full thickness wound of skin. Based on studies that have demonstrated improved upper eyelid wound healing with OCA [octy1-2-cyanoacrylate tiissue glue] treatment, we anticipated that OCA will accelerate healing of full thickness woynd of skin. the aim of research is to evaluate the efficacy of OCA in accelerating healing of full thickness wound of skin in mice. Design: experimental study,, Animal: Male N. mRi mice, sample size: 6 per study group. Surgery: two mm full thickness wound of skin back of mice under general anaestesia. treatment groups: Control group: simple dressing with sterile guaze, OCA group: topical application octy 1-2-cyanoacrylate [Dermabond; ethicon Inc, Somerville, NJ] tissue glue. study Period: mice mice were euthanized on days 4, 7 and 10 post-operation to reflect different phases of wound healing, Assay: 1- groos pathology of the skin noting presence of infections, dehiscence and repair, 2- histological evaluation of the wound site for the degree of healing, 3- finally the wounds were tested for, Resilience = ability of the wound to stretch and then resume shape without incrring any tissue damage, ultimate strength = maximum pressure a wound can tolerate before it sarts to weaken and toughness = total amount of pressure a wound can tolerate before rupturing. OCA increased: 1] formation of granulation tissue 2] density and activation of fibroblasts 3] keratinization in surface of wound 4] thickness of basement membrane and epidermis. OCA decreased toughness of wound in mice. we conclude that OCA accelerates healing of full thickness wound of skin in mice

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of pursed-lip breathing education in COPD patients]

Breathing rehabilitation techniques are designed to reduce symptoms, decrease disability, increase participation in physical and social activities, and improve the overall quality of life for individuals with chronic respiratory disease. However, the role of these techniques remains unclear. This study examined the effects of pursed-lip breathing [PLB] education on the respiratory function, arterial blood gases and day to day life in patients with COPD. A before-after quasi-experimental research was conducted on 40 patients with COPD at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan. Spirogram and ABG were tested before and after three-months of PLB exercise and a questionnaire [AQ20] was used to assess day to day activities. Wilcoxon matched- pairs signed-rank and descriptive tests were used for statistical analysis of collected data. The study showed that after three months breathing exercise, O2 saturation was significantly increased [P=0.002]. Although there was an increase in PaO2, it was not significant. In addition, a decrease in PaCO2 [P=0.014] and the respiration rate [P < 0.000] was observed. The level of activities of daily living was also increased [P < 0.000]. Forced expired volume second one [FEV1%] and forced vital capacity [FVC] did not change. We conclude that pursed-lip breathing education can improve lung function, arterial blood gas levels and also the levels of day to day activities. Therefore, breathing exercises education should be a part of physiotherapy programs in COPD patients until improvement in the quality of their life

[Effect of phenobarbital on neural tube and skeletal development in rats during pregnancy]

Introduction: Phenobarbital is a anti epileptic drug [AED]. FDA has classified this drug as a D group and pregnant women who take this drug under appropriate conditions may have neonates with congenital malformations e.g. hypoplasia of finger or toe nails and digital phalanges, facial and skull deformities and cardiac malformations. Some of the case reports showed severe malformations for this drug such as fetal hydantoin and down syndromes

Objective: This study was carried out to reveal the malformations spectrum of Phenobarbital malformations

Materials and Methods: 30 Balb/c mature female rats, aged 2.5 months and weighted 28 to 30 gr were housed in environmentally controlled room. A group of 3-4 females were caged with a single male of proven fertility overnight. Finding of vaginal plug on the following morning was regarded as a gestational day [GD] 0. Rats were divided into experimental groups; ex. I=received 1.3 mg/kg and ex. II=received 2.6 mg/kg doses of Phenobarbital vial and one control group which received normal saline via intraperitoneally during the first consecutive 10 days of pregnancy. Rats were dissected in GD18 and embryos were collected and then washed with normal saline. Macroscopic observation was done by OLYMPUS SZX JAPAN stereomicroscope. Data were analysed by ANOVA and X2 tests by means of SPSS software

Results: Most of the malformations were in the group II [dose 2.6 mg/kg]. Embryos had extensive malformations in the skeletal and nervous system such as short limb, distortion and dislocation of the limbs, scoliosis, encephalocele. The group I [Dose 1.3 mg/kg] also showed these malformations but with a lower severity and some cases of exencephaly and spina bifida

Conclusion: This study revealed that Phenobarbital can induce new severe malformations if this drug is used continuously in the early stage of pregnancy

[ comparison of neonatal growth indices in unwanted and wanted pregnancies]

Background and Objective: neonatal growth indices can be influenced by either wanted, or unwanted pregnancy. This research was done to compare neonatal growth indices [Height, weight, head circumflex] to in such pregnancies in Birjand [South-east of Iran]

Materials and Methods: this study case-control study was done on a total of 400 women and their neonates in the Imam Reza and Mehr maternity hospital in Birjand between 2000 to 2002. The number of case [UWP] and control [WP] were 150 and 250 respectively. Data were collected through a valid and reliable questionnaire by face to face interviewing with mothers and the determination of growth indexes of the neonates. The results were analyzed employing X² and student T-test by means of SPSS software

Results: the results revealed that the mean weight of the neonates in the case group [3151+/-410.4 grams] was meaningfully [P?0.05] less than the mean weight [3243+/-484 grams] of the neonates in the control group [WP]. Besides, the mean weight gaining of mothers during their pregnancy in the cases [9+/-3.2 kg] was meaningfully [P<0.05] less than control group [9.7+/-3.4 kg]

Conclusion: the results of this study, shows the impact of wanted pregnancy on weight gain and health improvement of mothers and their infants. It is therefore recommend that the health centers, mass and even high schools officials provide enough training to prevent unwanted pregnancies

[ incidence of NTD in newborns and related risk factors in Birjand [1996-2000]]

Neural Tube Defects [NTDs] are a heterogenous group of malformation which is resulting from failure of normal neural Tube closure between the third and fourth week of embryonic development. The most common form of this malformation is anencephally, spinabifida and ancephalocele. Prevalence of this malformation differs from geographic situation and race distribution. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of NTDs in Birjand hospital between 1996 to 2000. After diagnose of malformation among the 16785 infants born in the two hospitals in Birjand, reliable questionaire was completed for the mothers who had malformed infants. The data was analysed by spss software. Prevalence of NTDs was 2.97 per 1000 birth, more higher than other countries anencephaly and spina bifida is common form of NTDs in this area. Consanguinity, previous abortion, malformed childbirth, malformed child in the family, diseases during pregnancy and winter delivery were some of the risk factors. Most of the mother [%96] didn't take the folic acid during their pregnancy. The findings from this study indicate that the rate of NTD in Birjand is relatively higher comparing to other studies in different countries. Further investigations are recommended to find out the etiology of NTD in this area

Topical application of honey for treatment of skin wound in mice

Honey has been shown to accelerate wound healing, which is especially important in the management of patients with full-thickness wounds of skin in dermatologic surgeries. To evaluate the effects of honey in accelerating healing of full-thickness skin wounds in mice. Two groups of male NMRI mice [n=12] were subjected to full-thickness skin wounds under general anesthesia. They were then randomly allocated to receive either single daily applications of placebo or honey [n=6 for each group]. On each of the 4th, 7th and 10th days after operation, 2 mice from each group were sacrificed using an overdose of anesthetic. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of wounds were studied pathologically, histologically, and for resilience, ultimate tensile strength and toughness. Honey increased the formation of granulation tissue, density and activation of fibroblasts, keratinization in surface of wound, thickness of basement membrane and epidermis, and thickness of collagen fiber. It also decreased infection, inflammation, edema and dehiscence, and increased resilience, ultimate tensile strength and toughness of wound. Honey accelerates healing of full-thickness skin wounds in mice